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अयोध्या-काण्ड > श्री राम के सद्गुणों का वर्णन
Valmiki describes the innumerable virtues of Sree Rama in this sarga. Dasaratha
wants to coronate Rama as the crown prince with the approval of all his people. With this end in
mind, he invites various citizens, important people from all cities and villages in his
kingdom.
गच्छता मातुलकुलं भरतेन तदाऽनघः |
शत्रुघ्नो नित्यशत्रुघ्नो नीतः प्रीतिपुरस्कृतः || २-१-१
शत्रुघ्नो नित्यशत्रुघ्नो नीतः प्रीतिपुरस्कृतः || २-१-१
Bharatha, while going to his maternal uncle's house, has taken his brother Satrughna
(he who has no sins and who annihilates his enemies) along with him with love.
स तत्र न्यवसद्भ्रात्रा सह सत्कारसत्कृतः |
मातुलेनाश्वपतिना पुत्रस्नेहेन लालितः || २-१-२
मातुलेनाश्वपतिना पुत्रस्नेहेन लालितः || २-१-२
Treated with good hospitality and paternal love by his maternal uncle, Yudhajit, who
was a lord of cavalry, Bharatha stayed with his brother there.
तत्रापि निवसन्तौ तौ तर्प्यमाणौ च कामतः |
भ्रातरौ स्मरतां वीरौ वृद्धं दसरथं नृपम् || २-१-३
भ्रातरौ स्मरतां वीरौ वृद्धं दसरथं नृपम् || २-१-३
Those heroes of valour Bharatha and Satrughna, though staying there enjoying all the
comforts, were remembering their age old father.
राजापि तौ महातेजाः सस्मार प्रोषितौ सुतौ |
उभौ भरतशत्रुघ्नौ महेन्द्रवरुणोपमौ || २-१-४
उभौ भरतशत्रुघ्नौ महेन्द्रवरुणोपमौ || २-१-४
The mighty Dasaratha was also often remembering his sons Bharatha and Satrughna who
were out of his state and who were equivalent to Indra and Varuna.
सर्व एव तु तस्येष्ट श्चत्वारः पुरुषर्षभाः |
स्वशरीराद्विनिर्वृत्ताश्चत्वार इव बाहवः || २-१-५
स्वशरीराद्विनिर्वृत्ताश्चत्वार इव बाहवः || २-१-५
Dasaratha was bestowing his equal love to all his four sons who were best among men,
as though they were his four hands emerging out of his own body.
तेषामपि महातेजा रामो रतिकरः पितुः |
स्वयम्भूरिव भूतानां बभूव गुणवत्तरः || २-१-६
स्वयम्भूरिव भूतानां बभूव गुणवत्तरः || २-१-६
Rama, like the Brahma among all the living beings, the most virtuous among those
brothers and the mightiest was a great source of joy for his father.
स हि देवै रुदीर्णस्य रावणस्य वधार्थिभिः |
अर्थितो मानुषे लोके जज्ञे विष्णुः सनातनः || २-१-७
अर्थितो मानुषे लोके जज्ञे विष्णुः सनातनः || २-१-७
That Rama - was He not the eternal Vishnu who was born on earth as prayed by
celestials to kill the egoistic Ravana?
कौसल्या शुशुभे पुत्रेणामिततेजसा |
यथा वरेण देवानामदितिर्वज्रपाणिना || २-१-८
यथा वरेण देवानामदितिर्वज्रपाणिना || २-१-८
Like Adithi by Indra, best among the celestials, Kausalya shone by her son Rama, the
mighty.
स हि रूपोपपन्नश्च वीर्यवाननसूयकः |
भूमावनुपमः सूनुर्गणैर्धशरथोपमः || २-१-९
भूमावनुपमः सूनुर्गणैर्धशरथोपमः || २-१-९
Rama was beautiful in form, a hero of valor and without envy. By virtues, he was
like Dasaratha. In this way, he was an incomparable son on earth.
स च नित्यं प्रशान्तात्मा मृदुपूर्वं तु भाषते |
उच्यमानोऽपि परुषं नोत्तरं प्रतिपद्यते || २-१-१०
उच्यमानोऽपि परुषं नोत्तरं प्रतिपद्यते || २-१-१०
That Rama was always peaceful in mind and spoke softly. He did not react to the hard
words spoken by others.
कथंचिदुपकारेण कृतेनै केन तुष्यति |
न स्मरत्यपकाराणां शतमप्यात्मवत्तया || २-१-११
न स्मरत्यपकाराणां शतमप्यात्मवत्तया || २-१-११
That Rama, because of his good bent of mind, feels glad even by whatever way a good
thing is done to him. He does not remember any number of bad things done to him.
शीलवृद्धै र्ज्ञानवृद्धैर्वयोवृद्धैश्च सज्जनैः |
कथयन्नास्त वैनित्य मस्त्रयोग्यान्तरेष्वपि || २-१-१२
कथयन्नास्त वैनित्य मस्त्रयोग्यान्तरेष्वपि || २-१-१२
Whenever he finds some time even while practising archery, Rama used to converse
with elderly people, elder by way of conduct or wisdom or age or with good- natured people.
बुद्धिमान् मधुराभाषी पूर्वभाषी प्रियंवदः |
वीर्यवान्न च वीर्येण महता स्वेन विस्मितः || २-१-१३
वीर्यवान्न च वीर्येण महता स्वेन विस्मितः || २-१-१३
Rama was a wise man. He used to speak sweetly. He was the first man to initiate a
talk. His speech was compassionate. He was valorous. But he was not arrogant of his mighty
valor.
न चानृतकथो विद्वान् वृद्धानां प्रतिपूजकः |
अनुरक्तः प्रजाभिश्च प्रजाश्चाप्यनुरज्यते || २-१-१४
अनुरक्तः प्रजाभिश्च प्रजाश्चाप्यनुरज्यते || २-१-१४
He did not speak untruth. He was all knowing. He used to be receptive and worshipful
to the elders. People used to love him and he used to love the people.
सानुक्रोशो जितक्रोधो ब्राह्मणप्रतिपूजकः |
दीनानुकम्पी धर्मज्ज़्नो नित्यं प्रग्रहवान् शुचिः || २-१-१५
दीनानुकम्पी धर्मज्ज़्नो नित्यं प्रग्रहवान् शुचिः || २-१-१५
He had compassion. He conquered anger. He used to be receptive and worshipful to the
wise. He had mercy towards the meek. He knew what was to be done. He had always self-control. He
was clean (in conduct).
कुलोचितमतिः क्षात्रं धर्मं स्वं बहुमन्यते |
मन्यते परया कीर्त्य महत्स्वर्गफलं ततः || २-१-१६
मन्यते परया कीर्त्य महत्स्वर्गफलं ततः || २-१-१६
That Rama, having an attitude suitable for his social rank, giving due respect to
righteousness of warrior-class, believed that by following the righteousness he would attain great
fame and through it the fruit of heaven.
नाश्रेयसि रतो विद्वान्न विरुद्धकथारुचिः |
उत्तरोत्तरयुक्तौ च वक्ता वाचस्पति र्यथा || २-१-१७
उत्तरोत्तरयुक्तौ च वक्ता वाचस्पति र्यथा || २-१-१७
Rama was not interested in actions, which were not beneficial. He was a scholar. He
had no taste in tales opposing righteousness. Like v�chaspathi, his eloquent speech contained a
series of strategies for action.
अरोगस्तरुणो वाग्मी वपुष्मान् देशकालवित् |
लोके पुरुषसारज्ञस्साधुरेको विनिर्मितः || २-१-१८
लोके पुरुषसारज्ञस्साधुरेको विनिर्मितः || २-१-१८
Rama was a young man without any disease. He was a good speaker. He had a good body.
He knew both time and place. He could grasp the essence of men. He was the one gentleman born on
earth.
स तु स्रेष्ठैर्गुणैर्युक्तः प्रजानां पार्थिवात्मजः |
बहिश्चर इव प्राणो बभूव गुणतः प्रियः || २-१-१९
बहिश्चर इव प्राणो बभूव गुणतः प्रियः || २-१-१९
People loved the virtuous prince Rama and treated him as their spirit moving
outside.
सम्यग्विद्याव्रतस्नातो यथावत्साङ्गवेदवित् |
इष्वस्त्रे च पितुः श्रेष्ठो बभूव भरताग्रजः || २-१-२०
इष्वस्त्रे च पितुः श्रेष्ठो बभूव भरताग्रजः || २-१-२०
After completing his education properly, Rama, after knowing the science of archery
as prescribed, was better than his father in the use of bow and arrows.
कल्याणाभिजनः साधुरदीनः सत्यवागृजुः |
वृद्धैरभिविनीतश्च द्विजैर्धर्मार्थदर्शिभिः || २-१-२१
वृद्धैरभिविनीतश्च द्विजैर्धर्मार्थदर्शिभिः || २-१-२१
Rama, having born in a good clan, was gentle minded. He was not feeble. He spoke
truth. He was straightforward. He was properly trained by elderly wise men that knew
righteousness.
धर्मकामार्थतत्त्वज्ञः स्मृतिमान् प्रतिभानवान् |
लौकिके समयाचारे कृतकल्पो विशारदः || २-१-२२
लौकिके समयाचारे कृतकल्पो विशारदः || २-१-२२
Rama knew the real form of desire, wealth and righteousness. He had a good memory
power. He had a spontaneous wisdom. He had skills in arranging customs useful to society prevalent
at that time.
निभृतः संवृताकारो गुप्तमन्त्रः सहायवान् |
अमोघक्रोधहर्षश्च त्यागसंयमकालवित् || २-१-२३
अमोघक्रोधहर्षश्च त्यागसंयमकालवित् || २-१-२३
Rama was humble. He did not let his feelings appear outwardly. He kept his thoughts
to himself. He helped others. His anger and pleasure were not wasteful. He knew when to give and
when not to give.
दृढभक्तिः स्थिरप्रज्ञो नासद्ग्राही न दुर्वचाः |
निस्तन्द्रिरप्रमत्तश्च स्वदोषपरदोषवित् || २-१-२४
निस्तन्द्रिरप्रमत्तश्च स्वदोषपरदोषवित् || २-१-२४
Rama had a firm devotion and steadfast mind. He was not stubborn nor did he speak
evil words. He was free from idleness and was ever alert. He recognized his own errors and those of
others.
शास्त्रज्ञश्च कृतज्ञश्च पुरुषान्तरकोविदः |
यः प्रग्रहानुग्रहयोर्यथान्यायं विचक्षणः || २-१-२५
यः प्रग्रहानुग्रहयोर्यथान्यायं विचक्षणः || २-१-२५
Rama knew the theory and practice of sciences. He understood the differences among
men. He could judiciously discriminate whom to protect and whom to punish.
सत्संग्रहप्रग्रहणे स्थानविन्निग्रहस्य च |
आयकर्मण्युपायज्ञः संदृष्टव्ययकर्मवित् || २-१-२६
आयकर्मण्युपायज्ञः संदृष्टव्ययकर्मवित् || २-१-२६
He identified good men and protected them. He knew the people worthy of reprimand.
He knew the ways and means of getting income as well as the system of spending, as perceived by
economic sciences.
श्रैष्ठ्यं शास्त्रसमूहेषु प्राप्तो व्यामिश्रकेषु च |
अर्थधर्मौ च संगृह्य सुखतन्त्रो न चालसः || २-१-२७
अर्थधर्मौ च संगृह्य सुखतन्त्रो न चालसः || २-१-२७
Rama could obtain great skill in the groups of sciences along with their
subsidiaries. He was interested in enjoying comforts only after understanding the economic
realities. He never remained inactive.
वैहारिकाणां शिल्पानां विज्ञातार्थविभागवित् |
आरोहे विनये चैव युक्तोवारणवाजिनाम् || २-१-२८
आरोहे विनये चैव युक्तोवारणवाजिनाम् || २-१-२८
Rama was acquainted with the fine arts useful for entertainment. He knew how to
distribute the wealth. He was efficient in riding and taming of elephants and horses.
धनुर्वेदविदां स्रेष्ठो लोकेऽतिरथसंमतः |
अभियाता प्रहर्ता च सेनानयविशारदः || २-१-२९
अभियाता प्रहर्ता च सेनानयविशारदः || २-१-२९
Rama was the best of persons knowing the science of archery in the world; and was
well appreciated by the champions of archery. He attained skills in marshalling the army. He faced
and killed the enemies in battle.
अप्रधृष्यश्च संग्रामे क्रुद्धैरपि सुरासुरैः |
अनसूयो जितक्रोधो न दृप्तो न च मत्सरी |
न चावमन्ता भूतानां न च कालवशानुगः || २-१-३०
अनसूयो जितक्रोधो न दृप्तो न च मत्सरी |
न चावमन्ता भूतानां न च कालवशानुगः || २-१-३०
Even enraged celestials and demons could not defeat Rama in battle. He had no
jealousy. He conquered anger. He had no arrogance and envy. He had not humiliated any living being.
He had not surrendered to time.
एवं श्रेष्ठगुणैर्युक्तः प्रजानां पार्थिवात्मजः |
संमतस्त्रिषु लोकेषुवसुधायाः क्षमागुणैः || २-१-३१
बुद्द्या बृहस्पतेस्तुल्यो वीर्येणापि शचीपतेः |
संमतस्त्रिषु लोकेषुवसुधायाः क्षमागुणैः || २-१-३१
बुद्द्या बृहस्पतेस्तुल्यो वीर्येणापि शचीपतेः |
That Prince Rama, with these good virtues, was fair to the people. He was agreeable
to the three worlds. By patience and the related virtues, he was equal to earth, by wisdom to
Brihaspathi and by valor to Devendra.
तथा सर्वप्रजाकान्तैः प्रीतिसंजननैः पितुः || २-१-३२
गुणैर्विरुरुचे रामो दीप्तः सूर्य इवांशुभिः |
गुणैर्विरुरुचे रामो दीप्तः सूर्य इवांशुभिः |
Rama, by his virtues, was a source of happiness to all the people and a spring of
joy to his father. As the sun shines with his rays, Rama was shining, thus, with his virtues.
तमेवंव्रतसंपन्नमप्रधृष्यपराक्रमम् || २-१-३३
लोकपालोपमं नाथमकामयत मेदिनी |
लोकपालोपमं नाथमकामयत मेदिनी |
The earth wished Rama to be her Lord as he was adorned with self -control and norms
of behavior bearing undefeatable valor equal to that of universal lords like Indra.
एतैस्तु बहुभिर्युक्तं गुणैरनुपमैः सुतम् || २-१-३४
दृष्ट्वा दशरथो राजा चक्रे चिन्तां परंतपः |
दृष्ट्वा दशरथो राजा चक्रे चिन्तां परंतपः |
Dasaratha, who annihilates enemies, started thinking as follows after observing his
son with his many incomparable virtues.
अथ राज्ञो बभूवैवं वृद्धस्य चिरजीविनः || २-१-३५
प्रीतिरेषा कथं रामो राजा स्यान्मयि जीवति |
प्रीतिरेषा कथं रामो राजा स्यान्मयि जीवति |
The long living and aged Dasaratha thought: "Will Rama become king while I am still
alive? Shall I enjoy that happiness?"
एषा ह्यस्य परा प्रीतिर्हृदि संपरिवर्तते || २-१-३६
कदा नाम सुतं द्रक्ष्याम्यभिषिक्तमहं प्रियम् |
कदा नाम सुतं द्रक्ष्याम्यभिषिक्तमहं प्रियम् |
A great loving thought was ringing in his mind that when he would be able to see his
beloved son Rama crowned as a king.
वृद्धिकामो हि लोकस्य सर्वभूतानुकम्पनः || २-१-३७
मत्तः प्रियतरो लोके पर्ङन्य इव वृष्टिमान् |
मत्तः प्रियतरो लोके पर्ङन्य इव वृष्टिमान् |
"Is not Rama, as a raining cloud to the earth, better liked by people than me, as he
desires the development of the world and has equal compassion towards all living beings."
यमशक्रसमो वीर्ये बृहस्पतिसमो मतौ || २-१-३८
महीधरसमो धृत्यां मत्तश्च गुणवत्तरः |
महीधरसमो धृत्यां मत्तश्च गुणवत्तरः |
"Rama is equal to Yama and Devendra in valor, to Brihaspati in wisdom and to a
mountain in courage. He is more virtuous than me."
महीमहमिमां कृत्स्नामधितिष्ठन्तमात्मजम् || २-१-३९
अनेन वयसा दृष्ट्वा यथा स्वर्गमवाप्नुयाम् |
अनेन वयसा दृष्ट्वा यथा स्वर्गमवाप्नुयाम् |
"Shall I attain heaven, after seeing in this age, my son ruling the entire
earth?"
इत्येतै र्विविधै स्तैस्तै रन्यपार्थिवदुर्लभैः || २-१-४०
शिष्टैरपरिमेयैश्छ लोके लोकोत्तरैर्गुणैः |
तं समीक्ष्य महाराजो युक्तं समुदितैः शुभैः || २-१-४१
निश्चित्य सचिवैः सार्धं युवराजममन्यत |
शिष्टैरपरिमेयैश्छ लोके लोकोत्तरैर्गुणैः |
तं समीक्ष्य महाराजो युक्तं समुदितैः शुभैः || २-१-४१
निश्चित्य सचिवैः सार्धं युवराजममन्यत |
Rama had many other virtues beyond hitherto stated virtues not to be seen in other
kings. His virtues cannot be counted and they are the best in the world. Seeing that type of
virtuous Rama, Dasaratha along with his ministers, decided to make Rama the prince.
दिव्यन्तरिक्षे भूमौ च घोरमुत्पातजं भयम् || २-१-४२
संचचक्षेऽथ मेधावी शरीरे चात्मनो जराम् |
संचचक्षेऽथ मेधावी शरीरे चात्मनो जराम् |
The wise Dasaratha said that there was sign of a great alarm being forecast because
of comet like things found in earth heaven and the sky. He also told the ministers that his body
was getting aged.
पूर्णचन्द्राननस्याथ शोकापनुदमात्मनः || २-१-४३
लोके रामस्य बुबुधे संप्रियत्वं महात्मनः |
लोके रामस्य बुबुधे संप्रियत्वं महात्मनः |
He recognized that if Rama were crowned as king, he would not have worries as Rama
had beautiful face as a full moon; was a great wise man; and was liked by the people.
आत्मनश्च प्रजानां च श्रेयसे च प्रियेण च || २-१-४४
प्राप्तकालेन धर्मात्मा भक्त्या त्वरितवान् नृपः |
प्राप्तकालेन धर्मात्मा भक्त्या त्वरितवान् नृपः |
The righteous Dasaratha was hurried with concern in the coronation of Rama as it is
for his own benefit and for the benefit of people. Because it is as per his liking and also as the
appropriate time has come.
नानानगरवास्तव्यान् पृथग्जानपदानपि || २-१-४५
समानिनाय मेदिन्याः प्रधानान् पृथिवीपतीन् |
समानिनाय मेदिन्याः प्रधानान् पृथिवीपतीन् |
Dasaratha called for other kings and officers staying in various cities and villages
in his kingdom separately.
न तु केकयराजानं जनकं वा नराधिपः || २-१-४६
त्वरया चानयामास पश्चात्तौ श्रोष्यतः प्रियम् |
त्वरया चानयामास पश्चात्तौ श्रोष्यतः प्रियम् |
The hurried Dasaratha did not call for the king Kekaya, the maternal uncle of
Bharatha or the King Janaka as he thought they both could hear the good news even afterwards.
तान्वेश्मनानाभरणैर्यथार्हं प्रतिपूजितान् || २-१-४७
ददर्शालंकृतो राजा प्रजापतिरिव प्रजाः |
ददर्शालंकृतो राजा प्रजापतिरिव प्रजाः |
The king Dasaratha presented them suitably with houses and jewelry. Duly adorned
himself, he looked after them in the manner Lord Brahma looks after his children.
अथोपविष्टे नृपतौ तस्मिन् परबलार्दने || २-१-४८
ततः प्रविविशुः शेष राजानो लोकसम्मताः |
ततः प्रविविशुः शेष राजानो लोकसम्मताः |
All the invited kings, duly liked by their people, entered the assembly after the
king Dasaratha , who annihilates the opponent's army, occupied his seat.
अथ राजवितीर्णेषु विविधेष्वासनेषु च || २-१-४९
राजानमेवाभिमुखा निषेदुर्नियता नृपाः |
राजानमेवाभिमुखा निषेदुर्नियता नृपाः |
The kings thus entered, occupied their various seats allotted to them by the king,
by facing toward the king as per the prescribed rules.
स लब्धमानैर्विनयान्वितैर्नृपैः |
पुरालयै र्जानपदैश्च मानवैः |
उपोपविष्टैर्नृतो बभौ |
सहस्रचक्षुर्भगवानिवामरैः || २-१-५०
पुरालयै र्जानपदैश्च मानवैः |
उपोपविष्टैर्नृतो बभौ |
सहस्रचक्षुर्भगवानिवामरैः || २-१-५०
Surrounded by the respected and humble kings sitting closely to him as well as the
important heads of cities and villages, king Dasaratha shone like lord Devendra surrounded by
celestials.
|| इति श्रीमद्रामायणे अयोध्यकाण्डे प्रथम सर्गः ||